E-Commerce







Electronic commerce or e-commerce is a term for any type of business, or commercial transaction, that involves the transfer of information across the Internet. It covers a range of different types of businesses, from consumer based retail sites, through auction or music sites, to business exchanges trading goods and services between corporations. It is currently one of the most important aspects of the Internet to emerge.


- allows consumers to electronically exchange goods and services with no barriers of time or distance. Electronic commerce has expanded rapidly over the past five years and is predicted to continue at this rate, or even accelerate. In the near future the boundaries between "conventional" and "electronic" commerce will become increasingly blurred as more and more businesses move sections of their operations onto the Internet.

- Business to Business or B2B refers to electronic commerce between businesses rather than between a business and a consumer. B2B businesses often deal with hundreds or even thousands of other businesses, either as customers or suppliers. Carrying out these transactions electronically provides vast competitive advantages over traditional methods. When implemented properly, e-commerce is often faster, cheaper and more convenient than the traditional methods of bartering goods and services.

- Electronic transactions have been around for quite some time in the form of Electronic Data Interchange or EDI. EDI requires each supplier and customer to set up a dedicated data link (between them), where e-commerce provides a cost-effective method for companies to set up multiple, ad-hoc links. Electronic commerce has also led to the development of electronic marketplaces where suppliers and potential customers are brought together to conduct mutually beneficial trade.

- Some common applications related to electronic commerce are the following:
Document automation in supply chain and logistics
Domestic and international payment systems
Enterprise content management
Group buying
Automated online assistants
Instant messaging
Newsgroups
Online shopping and order tracking
Online banking
Online office suites
Shopping cart software
Teleconferencing
Electronic tickets



What do you need to have an online store and what exactly is a shopping cart?

- Shopping cart software is an operating system used to allow consumers to purchase goods and or services, track customers, and tie together all aspects of e-commerce into one cohesive whole.

- The image is one of an invisible shopping cart. You enter an online store, see a product that fulfills your demand and you place it into your virtual shopping basket. When you are through browsing, you click checkout and complete the transaction by providing payment information.

- The next step, you need a means of accepting online payments. This usually entails obtaining a merchant account and accepting credit cards through an online payment gateway



- Lastly, you need a marketing strategy for driving targeted traffic to your site and a means of enticing repeat customers. If you are new to e-commerce keep things simple and know your limitations (market segments)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_commerce
http://www.networksolutions.com/education/what-is-ecommerce/

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Second Life Collaborative Learning


Second Life may be referred by some as a game, howbeit, of itself, Second Life actually is not a game. It is a virtual world without theme, a virtual canvas for creativity, not inherently based in mock war such as video games.

With this current advent of virtual world technology, there now exist enhanced and expanded learning opportunities with an environment to relate to.

Even up to present, much of distance learning has been made time convenient but impersonal. Avatar-based virtual world education is highly interactive, providing the same convenience of not having to travel while providing a richer, more effective and more enjoyable experience. For such, many students would most gladly make the scheduled time for the virtual classroom.

Whether used for distance or classroom learning, the benefits of this rapidly expanding and adaptable virtual technology become manifest. The most common disadvantages that have existed in online education are now overcome. Educators are not slow to step into, embrace this present, simple to use, interpersonal, and further developing media.

Advantages to Education
  • Collaboration: You can contact people of the same field of interest from around the world.
  • Without boundaries: You can work with people without boundaries (neither technical or geographical).
  • Interactivity: It’s better than a video conference because you can use videos, presentations, images and weblinks at the same time in one place. It means you can easily create links between in-world activity and real-world information resources.
  • Support: If you’re a patient, you can easily find people dealing with the same problems. You can meet them virtually, discuss your problems, and listen to doctors attending in SL.
  • Learning: In some fields, there are just a few experts and it’s far not simple to find them in real. But in SL, it becomes possible by presentations and e-learning tools. You can also use tutorials.
  • Search: You can do PubMed searches or you can browse among the many books of the virtual libraries.

Examples




Ann Myers Medical Center: a virtual medical training center where medical education gets a unique opportunity to find new ways in training medical students.
SciFoo lives on session: This is the perfect example how to do something virtually when you have no chance to do it in reality.









 http://lecs-static-secondlife-com.s3.amazonaws.com/work/SL-Edu-Brochure-010411.pdf
http://secondlife.onmason.com/2011/03/18/hello-world/
http://secondlife.com/whatis/







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Online Forum Collaborative Learning

The use of an online forum encourages deeper reflection by students than working alone or in a face to face situation with other students. This is because students have time to carefully consider their own and other student’s responses leading to deeper discussion and also because the results of the discussion ‘are available for revisiting and reconsidering in a way that cannot happen with more transient verbal conversation. It is possible to “rewind” a conversation, to pick out threads and make very direct links between different messages’ (Salmon, 2002).

  • The purpose of the online discussion forum, that is to encourage reflective practice, to demonstrate learning in the workplace and to enable collaborative learning, should be made explicit to students. 
  • The value of the collaborative learning that is expected to occur via the forum should be explained to students. 
  • The forum must be appropriately planned and organized. Pre-structured threads within each discussion topic should be established to assist students to organize the discussion. 
  • Online topics should include a spark in the form of an activity or reading together with positive reflective questions that are to be addressed in the discussion. 
  • Facilitation of the forum should be scaffolded to enable students to participate in the forum at the required level. 
  • The discussion should be appropriately moderated; feedback should be provided to students, students should be aware that the discussion is monitored and positive input by students should be rewarded. 
  • Where online discussion forums are assessed clear criteria for assessment should be established. It is suggested that the criteria appropriate for a discussion forum to promote collaborative learning and reflection in workplace learning in law are the quality of the reflections, evidence of links to professional practice, the extent of the collaboration and written expression.


Preparing to Implement Collaborative Online Discussions
·     Think about how the activity or activities will fit into your course
·     Spend as much time in advance thinking through the new activity as possible to balance interactivity and instructor workload
·     Plan how you will prepare the students for using the new tool or activity

Facilitating an Effective Online Discussion – Teacher Presence
·         Set-up expectations for the students engaged in the activity
·         Help students get started in their discussion.
·         Use your presence to motivate and encourage students
·         Provide direct instruction to the students.
·         Provide access to resources.
·         Provide technical assistance.
·         Practical considerations for facilitating online


http://www.ojs.unisa.edu.au/index.php/atna/article/viewFile/214/248

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Podcast Collaborative Learning

Podcast is a series of audio files (sometimes accompanied by video images) released episodically through the internet. Podcasters create their episodes regularly (either daily, weekly, monthly, etc) and upload them into a server, so that podcast users can download the new episodes into their computer or directly into their pocket device using RSS feeds.
  • Podcasting is a free service that allows Internet users to pull audio files (typically MP3s) from a podcasting Web site to listen to on their computers or personal digital audio players. The term comes from a combination of the words iPod (a personal digital audio player made by Apple) and broadcasting. Even though the term is derived from the iPod, you don't need an iPod to listen to a podcast. You can use virtually any portable media player or your computer.
  • Broadly speaking, podcasting and vidcasting can be used in order to enhance communication, flexibility and accessibility to learning:
- INCREASED COMMUNICATION: Podcasts contribute to the creation of a relationship based on continuous communication and interaction between teachers and students.
- INCREASED FLEXIBILITY: Since new, digital materials are highly portable, students can arrange their own study timing and schedule.
- INCREASED ACCESSIBILITY: Students can access their digital learning materials ‘anytime, anywhere’.

http://ijilth.mobilearn.es/pages/vols/vol02/ijilth1.2.001.pdf

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Wikis Collaborative Learning








Nowadays, Internet is providing an extremely useful medium for collaboration and knowledge aggregation. Wiki at first sight, looks something strange and not in our minds at all, the concept that "any one can edit “is still something not sure of. Nevertheless, wikis have now become attractive and the recent phenomenon Wikipedia, the most powerful wiki presently known, provides a proof- of- concept for the “anyone can edit” system. It is not that wiki is still not in our minds or that wiki is really strange. It is that we are unaccustomed to collaborative work. Knowledge work is inherently collaborative. Wikis are a great way to learn to collaborate. Wikipedia is one of the examples of wiki use by the community and sets an example of how collaboration may work among people. Seeing the success of Wikipedia, there is a question of how education might benefit from using wikis for collaborative learning. Although wikis are widely used among ordinary Internet users, the specific benefits from wiki in relation to education are still not very clear and needs further exploration. Educational research could benefit much if a deeper understanding of how wiki can contribute to collaborative learning is developed.

Wiki is Hawaiian for "quick". Wiki is also a software tool that allows users to freely create and edit hyperlinked Web pages using a web browser. Wiki implementations typically use a simple syntax for users to create new pages and cross-links between pages on the fly. In addition to the main open source version there are also many non-commercial and commercial clones and some "wiki farms" (places where you can set up a wiki without needing your own server) such as SeedWiki.

Example of Wikis

  • Probably the best known Wiki is Wikipedia, a surprisingly useful online encyclopaedia to which anybody can contribute. Wikipedia is said to be world's largest wiki website, containing more than 200,000 articles by early 2004. 
  • Disinfopedia is another, much smaller, Wiki that describes itself as "a collaborative project to produce a directory of public relations firms, think tanks, industry-funded organizations, and industry-friendly experts that work to influence public opinion on behalf of corporations, governments and special interests." 
  • Another nice example is the Moveable Type Knowledge-base wiki - a collaboratively created and maintained collection of how-to information about the Moveable Type software system. 
  • Liftwatch.org is a community portal for people working on the concept of a space elevator and uses TikiWiki, an open source wiki-based content management system

Using Wikis in Learning:
  • Simple lesson plan involving getting students to collaboratively construct a micro encyclopedia (a scaled down version of Wikipedia) on a particular topic.
  • CourseForum is a commercial wiki system designed specifically for e-learning. 
  • "To really use a wiki, the participants need to be in control of the content- you have to give it over fully." - Heather 


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Collaborative Online Learning

What is collaborative online learning?
Collaborative learning isn't anything new. Small group discussions and study sessions are collaborative learning activities that have been used in education and training for decades. 

Collaborative online learning involves four things:
  • Two or more peers with a shared learning goal.
  • A workspace or learning environment in which collaboration can be accomplished.
  • An interactive, facilitated process or structure for the learning experience.
  • One or more electronic or computerized tools to support collaboration activities. 
  • Collaborative online learning requires a team of learners led by a facilitator in a virtual classroom using tools such as:
          - E-mail
          - Discussion groups
          - Online forms 
          - Chat 
          - Whiteboard 
          - File sharing 
          - Instant messaging
          - Video or audio conferencing 

  • Simultaneous collaboration is referred to as synchronous e-learning
It occurs at the same time between individuals and information is accessed instantly. 
Examples include :
chat, instant messaging and video or audio conferencing. 
  • Asynchronous e-learning is when communication between people does not occur simultaneously. 
Examples include:
e-mail messages and discussion group postings.

http://archive.suite101.com/article.cfm/training_and_development/87288

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Learning and Communication

Learning network and communication skills?

Network Learning  is a process of developing and maintaining connections with people and information and communication in such a way to support one another learning.

How to have effective communication skills?

Important steps for acquiring good communication skills:   

Know what you want to say and why.
Understand clearly the purpose and intent of your message. Know to whom you are communicating and why. Consider any barriers you may encounter such as cultural differences or situational circumstances (gender, age, or economic biases). Ask yourself what outcome you want to achieve and the impression you want to leave.   
How will you say it?
We're all aware by now, that it's not always what you say, but how you say it that counts. Begin by making eye contact. You inspire trust and confidence when you look a person in the eyes when you speak. Second, be aware of your body language since it can say as much, or more, than your words. By standing with arms easily at your side you tell others that you are approachable and open to hearing what they have to say. If instead, your arms are crossed and shoulders hunched, it suggests disinterest or unwillingness to communicate. Good posture and an approachable stance help make even difficult communication flow more smoothly. Make sure you speak in a cooperative, non-adversarial tone. Be nonjudgmental. 

Listen.
Communication is a two way street. After you've said what you have to say, stop, listen, and look for feedback and clues of comprehension. While the person is responding avoid any impulses to cut them off or listen only for the end of the sentence so that you can blurt out more ideas or thoughts that come to your mind. Respectfully give them your full attention. When they are finished, to ensure that your message has been clearly and correctly understood, ask open questions and encourage discussion. Fine-tune your message if necessary. 

Reach understanding, agreement or consensus.
Once you have had to opportunity to discuss your message and the feedback to it, re-visit the purpose of the interchange. Have you reached common ground, solved a problem, or clarified your position? If the purpose was to teach or instruct, have you accomplished your goal?  To communicate well is to understand and be understood. Make sure that your message has been received as intended and that any questions or concerns have been alleviated. You can even agree to disagree. There are no guarantees that your communication efforts will be meet with total compliance and agreement. As long as you understand each other, are cordial and respectful, you can still have a successful exchange. 

Other... 
1. Speak up & Don't be shy.
Is there any issues regarding any matter, just addressed the issue to the expert.
2. Participate, participate, and participate.
Everyone needs to stay actively involved in the learning process. So that, ones will not left behind.
3. Use emoticons
to express thoughts and feelings. It includes a happy faces that are accepted by everybody.
For examples, :-) ;-) :-D
4. Keep an eye on word count. The idea is to learn how to communicate your ideas
clearly and concisely.

How to be and effective team player in online forum?
Teams need strong team players to perform well.


1) Demonstrates reliability
You can count on a reliable team member who gets work done and does his fair share to work hard and meet commitments. He or she follows through on assignments. Consistency is key. You can count on him or her to deliver good performance all the time, not just some of the time.

2) Communicates constructively
Teams need people who speak up and express their thoughts and ideas clearly, directly, honestly, and with respect for others and for the work of the team. That's what it means to communicate constructively. Such a team member does not shy away from making a point but makes it in the best way possible — in a positive, confident, and respectful manner.

3) Listens actively
Good listeners are essential for teams to function effectively. Teams need team players who can absorb, understand, and consider ideas and points of view from other people without debating and arguing every point. Such a team member also can receive criticism without reacting defensively. Most important, for effective communication and problem solving, team members need the discipline to listen first and speak second so that meaningful dialogue results.

4) Functions as an active participant
Good team players are active participants. They come prepared for team meetings and listen and speak up in discussions. They're fully engaged in the work of the team and do not sit passively on the sidelines.
Team members who function as active participants take the initiative to help make things happen, and they volunteer for assignments. Their whole approach is can-do: "What contribution can I make to help the team achieve success?"

5) Shares openly and willingly
Good team players share. They're willing to share information, knowledge, and experience. They take the initiative to keep other team members informed.
Much of the communication within teams takes place informally. Beyond discussion at organized meetings, team members need to feel comfortable talking with one another and passing along important news and information day-to-day. Good team players are active in this informal sharing. They keep other team members in the loop with information and expertise that helps get the job done and prevents surprises.

6) Cooperates and pitches in to help
Cooperation is the act of working with others and acting together to accomplish a job. Effective team players work this way by second nature. Good team players, despite differences they may have with other team members concerning style and perspective, figure out ways to work together to solve problems and get work done. They respond to requests for assistance and take the initiative to offer help.

7) Exhibits flexibility
Teams often deal with changing conditions - and often create changes themselves. Good team players roll with the punches; they adapt to ever-changing situations. They don't complain or get stressed out because something new is being tried or some new direction is being set.
In addition, a flexible team member can consider different points of views and compromise when needed. He or she doesn't hold rigidly to a point of view and argue it to death, especially when the team needs to move forward to make a decision or get something done. Strong team players are firm in their thoughts yet open to what others have to offer - flexibility at its best.

8) Works as a problem-solver
Teams, of course, deal with problems. Sometimes, it appears, that's the whole reason why a team is created -to address problems. Good team players are willing to deal with all kinds of problems in a solutions-oriented manner. They're problem-solvers, not problem-dwellers, problem-blamers, or problem-avoiders. They don't simply rehash a problem the way problem-dwellers do. They don't look for others to fault, as the blamers do. And they don't put off dealing with issues, the way avoiders do.
Team players get problems out in the open for discussion and then collaborate with others to find solutions and form action plans.

9) Treats others in a respectful and supportive manner
Team players treat fellow team members with courtesy and consideration — not just some of the time but consistently. In addition, they show understanding and the appropriate support of other team members to help get the job done. They don't place conditions on when they'll provide assistance, when they'll choose to listen, and when they'll share information. Good team players also have a sense of humor and know how to have fun (and all teams can use a bit of both), but they don't have fun at someone else's expense. Quite simply, effective team players deal with other people in a professional manner.

10) Shows commitment to the team
Strong team players care about their work, the team, and the team's work. They show up every day with this care and commitment up front. They want to give a good effort, and they want other team members to do the same. Team players who show commitment don't come in any particular style or personality. They don't need to be rah-rah, cheerleader types. In fact, they may even be soft-spoken, but they aren't passive. They care about what the team is doing and they contribute to its success - without needing a push.
Team players with commitment look beyond their own piece of the work and care about the team's overall work. In the end, their commitment is about winning - not in the sports sense of beating your opponent but about seeing the team succeed and knowing they have contributed to this success. Winning as a team is one of the great motivators of employee performance. Good team players have and show this motivation.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Networked_learning
http://www.essentiallifeskills.net/goodcommunicationskills.html
http://www.managementparadise.com/forums/articles/26311-ten-qualities-team-player.html

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Using the internet: Net Competency

Netiquette 

 Good netiquette varied of respecting others' privacy and not doing anything online that will annoy or frustrate other people. 


1. Dont shout & Use capital letters sparingly.

 2. Stay on topic - If your message doesn't pertain to the topic, dont send it.

3. Keep current & Read the FAQ before asking questions.
4. Don't use sarcasm - Sarcasm can cause confusion in messages.
5. Keep personal discussions personal & Be sure to take personal discussions to private e-mail and don't post them to the entire group.
5. Treat e-mail like a postcard
6. Keep your messages short.
7. Don't over quote & Include only what is necessary when replying to a message.
8. Write and spell well
9. Write as you would when writing a letter.
10. Signature lines &Keep signatures to a maximum of four lines. 

11. Hoaxes - Verify all virus rumors and check Web information.

12. Don't flame or counter flame - No one ever wins, so don't rise to the bait.
13. Do not send unsolicited ads - illegally


Do's and Don't In the Internet




Do's
  • Use the Internet to help with schoolwork.
  • Use the Internet to meet other person in other countries
  • Be careful with your personal information (e.g address, phone number, credit card or calling card numbers, your schools' name, or your picture)
  • Respect the privacy of other users on the Internet
  • Be careful when you copy ("download") programs from the Internet
Dont's
  • Don't give your password to anyone.
  • Don't arrange to meet anyone you've met on the Internet
  • Don't try to break into computers.
  • Don't make copies of any copyrighted material (e.g books, magazines or music)
  • Don't steal copyrighted computer programs ("software") by copying them from the Internet.
  • Don't copy material that you find on the Internet and pretend that it's your own work.


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    Introduction to Online Tertiary Sector

    In today's world, everyone of us is all familiar with classroom-based learning (cLearning) right?

    Its the face-to-face group learning led by an instructor or subject matter expert. E-Learning environments involve learners to interact with learning materials, instructors/teachers and other learners from various locations and often at various times using network technologies.
    So by its nature, e-learning offers convenient flexibility on when and how the learning process occurs. E-Learning can include independent, facilitated, or collaborative approaches to learning.
    E-Learning can be asynchronous (learners experiencing the learning process at different times) or synchronous (learners experiencing the learning process at same times). Independent learning is, by definition, asynchronous. Facilitated and collaborative can be either asynchronous or synchronous too.

    The Amazing History of E-Learning
     

    Readers! E-learning have been programmed since 1960s yawww!

    In the early 1960s, Stanford University psychology professors Patrick Suppes and Richard C. Atkinson experimented with using computers to teach math and reading to young children in elementary schools in East Palo Alto, California. Stanford's Education Program for Gifted Youth is descended from those early experiments. Early e-learning systems is based on Computer-Based Learning/Training often attempted to replicate autocratic teaching styles whereby the role of the e-learning system was assumed to be for transferring knowledge, as opposed to systems developed later based on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL), which encouraged the shared development of knowledge.
    As early as 1993, William D. Graziadei described an online computer-delivered lecture, tutorial and assessment project using electronic mail.
    In 1997 Graziadei, W.D., et al. published an article entitled "Building Asynchronous and Synchronous Teaching-Learning Environments: Exploring a Course/Classroom Management System Solution". They described a process at the State University of New York (SUNY) of evaluating products and developing an overall strategy for technology-based course development and management in teaching-learning. The product(s) had to be easy to use and maintain, portable, replicable, scalable, and immediately affordable, and they had to have a high probability of success with long-term cost-effectiveness.
    credit to Wikipedia.
    Therefore, today, as for we diversify with technologies, E-learning become more familiar. 
    E-learning started from blogs to collaborative software, ePortfolios, and virtual classrooms. Most of the  E-learning situations used the combinations of these techniques used in past.

    Parts of E-Learning


    The digital nature of E-Learning can be cost and time-effectively customized to individuals or small groups. The same content can be offered in a multitude of formats: self-paced, facilitated, in the classroom, blended. Moreover, the flexibility provided by intranets and the internet, travel costs are greatly reduced or eliminated since learners do not have to congregate in one spot for a learning event. 

    Two ways of Communication technologies used


    Learning management system (LMS) VS Learning content management system (LCMS)

     

    Learning management system (LMS)
    - delivering, tracking and managing training/education. LMSs made for managing training/educational records to software for distributing courses over the Internet and offering features for online collaboration.
    A learning content management system (LCMS)
    - authenticate (courses, reusable content objects)
    - only dedicated to producing and publishing content that is hosted on an LMS, or host the content itself.
    A LMS allows teachers and administrators to:
    - track attendance
    - task duration
    - student progress.
    LMS also allows Parents to:
    - log on to the LMS to track grades.
    LMS also allows Students to:
    - log on to the LMS to submit homework
    - to access the course syllabus and lessons.

    Benefits & Drawbacks 

    Advantages of e-Learning
    • scheduled class work around personal and professional work, resulting in flexible learning.
    • Reduce travel cost and time to and from school
    • Learners are provided the option to select learning materials that meets their level of knowledge and interest
    • Available to study wherever they have access to a computer and Internet
    • Self-paced learning modules allow learners to work at their own pace
    • Flexibility to join discussions in the bulletin board threaded discussion areas at any hour, or visit with classmates and instructors remotely in chat rooms
    • Different learning styles are addressed and facilitation of learning occurs through varied activities
    • Development of computer and Internet skills that are transferable to other facets of learner's lives
    • Successfully completing online or computer-based courses builds self-knowledge and self-confidence and encourages students to take responsibility for their learning
    Disadvantages of e-Learning
    • Unmotivated learners or those with poor study habits may fall behind
    • Lack of familiar structure and routine may take getting used to
    • Students may feel isolated or miss social interaction thus the need to understanding different learning styles and individual learner needs.
    • Instructor may not always be available on demand
    • Slow or unreliable Internet connections can be frustrating
    • Managing learning software can involve a learning curve
    • Some courses such as traditional hands-on courses can be difficult to simulate
    E-Learning in Malaysia 
     
      
    LMS of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

    Moodle of Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

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